![]() The tracking system is believed to enhance the efficiency of solar panels. Harvesting solar energy using solar cells has issues with its efficiency. Solar energy possess the potential to adequately fulfil more than ten times of current energy demand, which means it is profitable in terms of energy and environment. Eco-friendly-based energy like solar energy is being employed. IET Renewable Power Generation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technologyįulfilling the energy demand by using fossil fuel is still heavily dependent. It was found that the size of the heat spreader could be reduced by 36% for concentration ratio up to 2000 while concurrently increasing the net power by 2.6% and 6% for the systems built in Riyadh and Dammam, respectively. A case study based on the annual average values of the hourly-basis meteorological data for the period 2015 to 2018 for two cities in Saudi Arabia was conducted. Thus, optimal values of heat-spreader length at which maximum net power is produced exist. ![]() On the other hand, both parameters caused an exponential increase in consumed power due to the operation of a tracking system. Furthermore, increasing heat-spreader length or wind velocity caused a logarithmic increase in solar cell efficiency. Also, it increased by 1.64% as the aluminium backplate shifted from a shiny (ɛ = 0) to a dark (ɛ = 1) surface. The efficiency increased by 5% as the wind shifted from light air (0.5 m/s) to fresh breeze (10 m/s). Wind speed, surface radiation, and size of the backplate, which acts as a heat spreader, were found to be of high impact in increasing solar cell efficiency and maximum produced power. The present study introduces an analytical approach for predicting net power for high-concentrating photovoltaic systems (HCPV). Meanwhile, Bezier is only suitable for conservative estimation to minimize the investment risk. The results found that methods in Spline and Linear families work well for all weather types with Mean Bias Error of Daily Solar Irradiation of less than 0.2%, except Intermittent weather where SMA (k = 2 or 4) often performs the best. Finally, the imputation methods were categorized into three groups. Three significance test indicators were further used to rank the imputation methods. The performances of these imputation methods were evaluated using standard error metrics. This article investigated 11 univariate imputation methods for Clear Sunny, Sunny, Intermittent, and Cloudy/Overcast weathers, with missing ratios ranging from 10% to 50%. Nevertheless, using one imputation method for all weather types may lead to inaccurate predictions, which may underestimate the investment risk, especially in the tropical region, where the solar irradiance often fluctuates unpredictably. Hence, imputing the missing values of the dataset can be a cost-effective solution for a site that already has ground-based measurement devices installed when satellite-derived data cannot offer the required accuracy for the applications. For more information, access complete dataset of ground-measured Global Horizontal Solar Irradiance (GHI) is vital for the design and performance assessment of a photovoltaic (PV) system. An extended series of websites includes comprehensive career development resources. AAAS also acts as an umbrella organization for a federation of more than 270 affiliated scientific groups. Public engagement activities are creating an open dialogue with scientists on societal issues such as global climate change. ![]() Science education initiatives have laid the groundwork for standards-based learning and provide web-based support tools for teachers. Science and policy programs include the major annual forum on Science & Technology policy, S&T policy fellowships within the US Congress and government agencies, and the tracking of US funding for R&D research. Global efforts include programs and partnerships worldwide, from Asia to Europe to Africa, and extensive work in human rights using geospatial technology to corroborate abuses. The mission, to "advance science, engineering, and innovation throughout the world for the benefit of all people," has propelled the organization to the forefront of national and international initiatives. AAAS, founded in 1848, has evolved into the world's largest multidisciplinary scientific society with nearly 130,000 members and subscribers.
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